Flowable placental connective tissue matrices for tendon repair: A review

Tendon injuries are associated with considerable pain and disability. Owing to the hypovascularity hypocellularity of tissue, natural tendon healing is slow ineffective. Traditional conservative surgical treatment options fail address underlying pathology. As a result, healed mechanically incompetent prone degeneration rupture. Therefore, new biological methods have been suggested enhance repair regeneration. Flowable Placental Connective Tissue Matrices (FP-CTMs) represent promising means promote healing. Like non-flowable placental scaffolds, FP-CTMs possess innate properties placenta provide structural biochemical extracellular matrix components. Unlike their counterparts, added benefits minimal invasiveness capacity fill irregular spaces. can by providing three-dimensional for cellular attachment proliferation while decreasing inflammation limiting adhesion formation. The present report reviews biology, pathology, healing, current modalities, followed comprehensive literature review, evaluating clinical application repair. Recent research suggests that use in safe efficacious further indicates modulate environment improve outcomes. However, existing evidence limited retrospective case series no control group. additional work must be performed better understand applications therapeutic FP-CTM compared conventional treatments.